problems facing the world与problemsfaced by的区别为:指代不同、引证用法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、problems facing the world:世界面临的问题。2、problemsfaced by:由…引起的问题。二、引证不同1、problems facing the world:基本意思是“世界,天下”,常与介词in连用,其前面可加不定冠词a。world也可指“天体,星球”,尤指可能有生物的星球,作这两种意思解时,可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。2、problemsfaced by:基本意思是“面孔”“脸”,为可数名词。引申可指“面部表情”“外表”“表面”“威严”“厚脸皮”等。三、侧重点不同1、problems facing the world:侧重于是全体面临的。2、problemsfaced by:还没有限定范围。
导语:名词world意为世界,下面讲解world的语法特点,欢迎大家参考。 1. 大家知道,world表示“世界”时,其前通常用定冠词。如: Each of us sees the world differently. 我们看世界,各人有各人的看法。 Our company has agencies all over the world. 本公司在全世界都设有代办处。 Television stations around the world are linked by satellite. 全世界的电视台通过卫星联系一起。 但是,若其前带有描绘性定语修饰,表示某种形式的世界,则通常要用不定冠词。如: in a world like ours 像我们这样的世界 He conceived of a world free from war. 他想象出一个没有战争的.世界。 What the President has in view is a world without nuclear weapons. 总统考虑的是要建立一个没有核武器的世界。 2. the world 表示“全世界的人”时,意义上是复数,但用作主语时往往被视为整体,其谓语通常用单数。如: All the world knows. 举世皆知。(from www.hxen.com) She felt that the whole world was against her. 她觉得人人都跟她作对。 All the world knows that pollution has become a serious problem. 全世界的人都知道污染已成了严重问题。 3. a world of 表示“许多”时,其后可接可数或不可数名词。如: a world of lies and secrecy 许多谎言和秘密 Theres a world of difference in the performance of the two cars. 这两辆汽车的性能有天壤之别。
我也是啊,不知道该到哪。到了他要求的目的地后就找了几个军人问他:CP在哪?然后就回答说:他在FOB的中心。(考,我吧整个地图都看完了还是找不到哪是FOB。)之后我就到处乱逛,也找不着CP。现在只能等高人指点迷津了……我终于找到了哈哈哈哈哈!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Razor two
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我还没把所有的支线都完成,隐藏目标全部做完的时候就发完整的。
主线是抓上一关逃跑的Loptev和他的手下B某,本关有时间限制,到了时间抓到没抓到都能过关。
一出来就是和指挥官讲话,他说同情理解你们失去队长的心情,问你们要不要去德国度假,肯定按1选留下来继续执行任务。本关任务是抓L和B两个CHDKZ头目,同时还有寻求线索和寻找犯罪证据的目标。
对话完先去寻求线索,指挥队友坐上旁边的悍马车,你上驾驶座,把车开到东面E城内的军事基地,下车,跑到营地的一个棚子下面找到这个基地的指挥官,他会告诉你线索,并在地图上标记了3个可能藏人的叉叉,然后叫你去问同在营地里的CDF军官。CDF军官靠在一辆BMP的旁边,跟他对话问一些情况,注意对话中有个选项是“the CDF is useless”(CDF个废物)这个不要选否则对话就会立即中断什么都问不到,其他对话选项都可用选。
准备上路吧,地图上的3个叉叉只有最远的那个叉才藏了我们要抓的人,因此坐飞机过去是最快的。按M打开地图,按空格键打开一个菜单,用滚轮选中communication这一项,按下滚轮点进去,可以看到request transport,再按下滚轮激活呼叫直升机这个功能,然后在地图上找一个靠近你的平坦的地方点鼠标左键,黄色标记就会出现,不久直升机就会降落到你刚才点的位置。
坐上直升机,飞行员问你要去哪里,跟刚才呼叫他的方法一样,在地图上点一个位置飞机就会飞过去降落。我们需要直接飞到第三个叉叉抓头目,于是就在第三个叉叉附近找一个平坦的没树的地方让直升机降落,注意不要靠叉叉太近否则飞机会被敌人步枪打下来。
降落,4个人一同进攻第三个叉叉,打死一个班的敌人,会看到CHDKZ二号头目B某从一个帐篷里逃出来,抓紧时间进帐篷拿一张能当作犯罪证据的照片然后马上跑出来追身穿蓝色运动服的B某(这个人简直就是COD4小扎卡爷夫的翻版,不仅衣服穿得一样而且逃跑的速度也都是不一般地快)双击W冲刺,追上蓝色运动服任务就完成。
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注∶如果你速度快的话,在去第三个叉的路上就能看到一辆平民汽车在公路上开,不用怀疑那个就是你要抓的头目。用子弹把汽车打冒烟B某就会弃车逃跑,追上他一样也能完成任务。
8,What starts here changes the world威廉麦克雷文UTAustin演讲百
我个人很喜爱这一篇演讲。专门去网易公开课看了这段视频,不排除威廉麦克雷文的个人形象魅力,整篇稿充满了向上的力量。与昨天读到的柯南秀的演讲明显是两种风格。当然两者都很喜欢。 有时候不大喜欢看公众推送,很大原因是太多文章总是充斥着温柔的消极。诸如太多成年世界的无力,我们要体谅他人;生活已不易,且行且珍惜;你不知道他们的努力挣扎等等。我当然知道,因为每一个成年人都很辛苦,都在为了生活奔波挣扎。生活本身就是这个样子,不需要这些文章再去一遍遍提醒你自己。何不乐观向上一些,给自己一些力量和成长。用本篇演讲的话来说Our struggles in this world are similar, and the lessons to overcome those struggles and to move forward — changing ourselves and the world around us — will apply equally to all. 所以,来和豹豹看一下今天的演讲吧。(??<`?)最起码给你今天一点点加速剂。 威廉麦克雷文是美国的前海军上将,具体他的信息大家可以自行搜索。这篇演讲中主要讲到了他在海豹部队的新兵训练。并由此提出的一些想法,也可以说是口号。当然体能训练和心理训练还是不大相同的,但的确有相通的地方。关于政治倾向的个人看法就不多讲了,豹豹被封的文也不算少了。心塞。(好吧,我就是认为他们打着反kong的名义做着terrorism的事) 这篇演讲中讲了十件事,但是开篇的一件小事印象很深。整理内务。被子一样是要求方方正正有棱有角,不仅是为了打包易行,更重要让你养成第一天第一件事完美做好第一项任务。是一种习惯,也是一种智慧。 If you make your bed every morning you will have accomplished the first task of the day. It will give you a small sense of pride, and it will encourage you to do another task and another and another. By the end of the day, that one task completed will have turned into many tasks completed. Making your bed will also reinforce the fact that little things in life matter. If you cant do the little things right, you will never be able to do the big things right.And, if by chance you have a miserable day, you will come home to a bed that is made — that you made — and a made bed gives you encouragement that tomorrow will be better.当然第二段也有幽默一下的效果。 而且,威廉麦克雷文还出了一本书中文版就叫《叠被子》,原版有点不便宜,长这个样子。理念带些把力所能及的小事做好的感觉。另外还有他们在需要划桨的团队合作,训练中不达标的要去做“糖霜饼干”以及“马戏表演” sugar cookie 海豹部队训练方法,士兵穿衣服跑过冲浪带,之后沙滩翻滚,然后就穿着这件又湿又沙的衣服完成一天的训练。 Sometimes no matter how well you prepare or how well you perform you still end up as a sugar cookie. Its just the way life is sometimes. circus 马戏团,一种惩罚措施。当天表现不佳者被请入“马戏团”No one wanted a circus. A circus meant that for that day you didnt measure up. A circus meant more fatigue — and more fatigue meant that the following day would be more difficult — and more circuses were likely.But an interesting thing happened to those who were constantly on the list. Over time those students — who did two hours of extra calisthenics — got stronger and stronger. The pain of the circuses built inner strength, built physical resiliency. 后面也介绍了诸如夜泳鲨鱼海域,障碍赛,地狱周等等。但是让人最有感想的是在训练场地人人可以看见,随时可以敲响“退出的钟” Ring the bell and you no longer have to wake up at 5 oclock. Ring the bell and you no longer have to be in the freezing cold swims. Ring the bell and you no longer have to do the runs, the obstacle course, the PT — and you no longer have to endure the hardships of training. All you have to do is ring the bell to get out. If you want to change the world dont ever, ever ring the bell. 虽然这篇演讲有些陈旧的概念。但豹豹觉得还是让我今天动力满满,最起码今天我要把能做好的事情做好。再坚持一下下,哪怕再一下下呢?希望每一个简友在心情低落,不想振作的时候也能够再给自己鼓鼓劲:“再努力一下下,就再坚持一小会。”总是有很多困难就在这一小步一小步中会过去的。
编译 | 未玖 Nature , 21 October 2021, VOL 598, ISSUE 7881 《自然》 2021年10月21日,第598卷,7881期 天文学 Astronomy Carbon monoxide gas produced by a giant impact in the inner region of a young system 年轻星系内部发生巨大碰撞产生一氧化碳气体 作者:Tajana Schneiderman, Luca Matrà, Alan P. Jackson, Grant M. Kennedy, Quentin Kral, Sebastián Marino, et al. 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03872-x 摘要 类地行星形成的模型预测,行星组合的最后阶段(年轻的原行星盘扩散之后持续的数千万年间)主要发生行星碰撞。正是通过这些巨大的撞击,像年轻的地球这样的行星才能成长到最终质量,并实现长期稳定的轨道结构。 一个关键预测是这些撞击会产生碎片。到目前为止,关于撞击后碎片最令人信服的观测证据来自于附近2300万年前的A型恒星HD172555周围的行星系。该星系显示大量细尘,具有异常陡峭的粒度分布和非典型的尘埃组成,此前将其归因于超高速撞击或巨大的小行星带。 研究组报道了一个与HD172555周围的尘埃碎片共轨的一氧化碳气体环的光谱分辨率探测结果,气体环与HD172555相距大约6到9个天文单位,类似于太阳系的外类地行星区域。 综上所述,尘埃和一氧化碳的检测结果有助于理解大型、易挥发性天体之间的巨大碰撞。这表明行星级的碰撞类似于月球形成的碰撞,可释放大量的气体和碎片,并且这种气体是可观测的,为了解年轻行星的组成提供了一个窗口。 Abstract Models of terrestrial planet formation predict that the final stages of planetary assembly—lasting tens of millions of years beyond the dispersal of young protoplanetary disks—are dominated by planetary collisions. It is through these giant impacts that planets like the young Earth grow to their final mass and achieve long-term stable orbital configurations. A key prediction is that these impacts produce debris. So far, the most compelling observational evidence for post-impact debris comes from the planetary system around the nearby 23-million-year-old A-type star HD?172555. This system shows large amounts of fine dust with an unusually steep size distribution and atypical dust composition, previously attributed to either a hypervelocity impact or a massive asteroid belt. Here we report the spectrally resolved detection of a carbon monoxide gas ring co-orbiting with dusty debris around HD?172555 between about six and nine astronomical units—a region analogous to the outer terrestrial planet region of our Solar System. Taken together, the dust and carbon monoxide detections favour a giant impact between large, volatile-rich bodies. This suggests that planetary-scale collisions, analogous to the Moon-forming impact, can release large amounts of gas as well as debris, and that this gas is observable, providing a window into the composition of young planets. 材料科学 Materials Science Half- and quarter-metals in rhombohedral trilayer graphene 菱面体三层石墨烯中的半金属和四分之一金属 作者:Haoxin Zhou, Tian Xie, Areg Ghazaryan, Tobias Holder, James R. Ehrets, Eric M. Spanton, et al. 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03938-w 摘要 铁磁性在电子占据高度局域化d轨道的过渡金属化合物中最为常见。然而,在低密度二维电子系统中也可能出现铁磁有序。 研究组证明了菱面体三层石墨烯中的门调谐范霍夫奇点,驱动电子系统的自发铁磁极化转变为一种或多种自旋和谷型。 通过电容和输运测量,研究组观察到调谐至相位间载流子浓度和电位移场的一系列跃迁,其中量子振荡具有四重、二重或一重简并度,分别对应自旋和谷简并的“正常金属态”、自旋极化的“半金属态”以及自旋极化和谷极化的“四分之一金属态”。 对于电子掺杂,包含谷各向异性相互作用的唯象斯通纳模型很好地捕捉到了数据的显著特征。对于空穴填充,研究组观察到一个更丰富的相图,其特征是费米面拓扑中对称性破缺和跃迁的微妙相互作用。 最后,研究组通过旋转对齐的六方氮化硼衬底引入莫尔超晶格。值得注意的是,研究组发现同位旋序仅受到弱扰动,当迁移的半金属态或四分之一金属态填充半超晶格带或四分之一超晶格带时,莫尔势会催化拓扑非平凡间隙态的形成。 该结果表明,菱面体石墨烯是一个多体理论控制测试的理想平台,并揭示了莫尔材料的磁性本质上是迁移的。 Abstract Ferromagnetism is most common in transition metal compounds where electrons occupy highly localized d orbitals. However, ferromagnetic order may also arise in low-density two-dimensional electron systems. Here we show that gate-tuned van Hove singularities in rhombohedral trilayer graphene drive spontaneous ferromagnetic polarization of the electron system into one or more spin and valley flavours. Using capacitance and transport measurements, we observe a cascade of transitions tuned to the density and electronic displacement field between phases in which quantum oscillations have fourfold, twofold or onefold degeneracy, associated with a spin- and valley-degenerate normal metal, spin-polarized half-metal, and spin- and valley-polarized quarter-metal, respectively. For electron doping, the salient features of the data are well captured by a phenomenological Stoner model that includes valley-anisotropic interactions. For hole filling, we observe a richer phase diagram featuring a delicate interplay of broken symmetries and transitions in the Fermi surface topology. Finally, we introduce a moiré superlattice using a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate. Remarkably, we find that the isospin order is only weakly perturbed, with the moiré potential catalysing the formation of topologically nontrivial gapped states whenever itinerant half- or quarter-metal states occur at half- or quarter-superlattice band filling. Our results show that rhombohedral graphene is an ideal platform for well-controlled tests of many-body theory, and reveal magnetism in moiré materials to be fundamentally itinerant in nature. Superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene 菱面体三层石墨烯的超导性 作者:Haoxin Zhou, Tian Xie, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe & Andrea F. Young. 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03926-0 摘要 在一个干净的二维器件中通过电场效应获得超导性是纳米电子学的一个核心目标。最近,石墨烯莫尔异质结构已实现超导性;然而,其中许多结构在机械上并不稳定,实验显示出强无序特征。 研究组报道了在亚开尔文温度下表现为低电阻率或零电阻率的晶体菱面三层石墨烯(一种结构上亚稳态的碳同素异形体)的超导性。超导性发生在两个不同的门调谐区(SC1和SC2),且深度在由平均自由程和超导态相干长度之比定义的干净极限内。 量子振荡对常态费米面的映射显示,这两种超导体都来自环形费米海,并且接近同位旋对称性破缺转变,其中费米面简并度发生变化。SC1从顺磁正常态出现,而SC2则从自旋极化、谷简并的半金属态中出现,且违反了面内磁场的泡利极限至少一个数量级。 研究组讨论了该结果的各种机制,包括传统的声子介导配对,近同位旋序波动产生的配对,以及环形费米液体的固有不稳定性导致的配对。 研究组为干净且结构简单的二维金属中超导性的观察提供了一个模型系统,用于测试相互竞争的超导理论模型,而不会出现建模混乱的复杂情况,同时使基于相关电子现象和弹道电子输运的新型场效应控制电子器件成为可能。 Abstract To access superconductivity via the electric field effect in a clean, two-dimensional device is a central goal of nanoelectronics. Recently, superconductivity has been realized in graphene moiré heterostructures; however, many of these structures are not mechanically stable, and experiments show signatures of strong disorder. Here we report the observation of superconductivity—manifesting as low or vanishing resistivity at sub-kelvin temperatures—in crystalline rhombohedral trilayer graphene, a structurally metastable carbon allotrope. Superconductivity occurs in two distinct gate-tuned regions (SC1 and SC2), and is deep in the clean limit defined by the ratio of mean free path and superconducting coherence length. Mapping of the normal state Fermi surfaces by quantum oscillations reveals that both superconductors emerge from an annular Fermi sea, and are proximal to an isospin-symmetry-breaking transition where the Fermi surface degeneracy changes. SC1 emerges from a paramagnetic normal state, whereas SC2 emerges from a spin-polarized, valley-unpolarized half-metal and violates the Pauli limit for in-plane magnetic fields by at least one order of magnitude. We discuss our results in view of several mechanisms, including conventional phonon-mediated pairing, pairing due to fluctuations of the proximal isospin order, and intrinsic instabilities of the annular Fermi liquid. Our observation of superconductivity in a clean and structurally simple two-dimensional metal provides a model system to test competing theoretical models of superconductivity without the complication of modelling disorder, while enabling new classes of field-effect controlled electronic devices based on correlated electron phenomena and ballistic electron transport. Dexterous magnetic manipulation of conductive non-magnetic objects 导电非磁性物体的灵巧磁操控 作者:Lan N. Pham, Griffin F. Tabor, Ashkan Pourkand, Jacob L. B. Aman, Tucker Hermans & Jake J. Abbott. 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03966-6 摘要 对铁磁物体的灵巧磁操控已很好建立,根据物体的几何结构,可能有三到六个自由度。有些物体需要非接触式灵巧操作,它们不含有大量的铁磁性材料,但含有导电材料。 时变磁场在导电材料中产生涡流,涡流与磁场相互作用产生力和力矩。这种现象曾被用于诱导阻力,以减少物体通过静态场时的运动,或使用动态场在单个方向上对物体施加力,但尚未被用于对导电物体进行如铁磁物体那样的灵活操控。 研究组表明,通过使用多个旋转磁偶极子场可在六个自由度下操控导电物体。利用量纲分析,结合多物理场数值模拟和实验验证,研究组描述了在旋转磁偶极子场中导电球体上产生的力和力矩。利用该模型,研究组在仿真和物理实验中实现了灵活操控。 Abstract Dexterous magnetic manipulation of ferromagnetic objects is well established, with three to six degrees of freedom possible depending on object geometry. There are objects for which non-contact dexterous manipulation is desirable that do not contain an appreciable amount of ferromagnetic material but do contain electrically conductive material. Time-varying magnetic fields generate eddy currents in conductive materials, with resulting forces and torques due to the interaction of the eddy currents with the magnetic field. This phenomenon has previously been used to induce drag to reduce the motion of objects as they pass through a static field, or to apply force on an object in a single direction using a dynamic field, but has not been used to perform the type of dexterous manipulation of conductive objects that has been demonstrated with ferromagnetic objects. Here we show that manipulation, with six degrees of freedom, of conductive objects is possible by using multiple rotating magnetic dipole fields. Using dimensional analysis, combined with multiphysics numerical simulations and experimental verification, we characterize the forces and torques generated on a conductive sphere in a rotating magnetic dipole field. With the resulting model, we perform dexterous manipulation in simulations and physical experiments. 地球科学 Earth Science Pliocene decoupling of equatorial Pacific temperature and pH gradients 上新世赤道太平洋温度和pH梯度的解耦 作者:Madison G. Shankle, Natalie J. Burls, Alexey V. Fedorov, Matthew D. Thomas, Wei Liu, Donald E. Penman, et al. 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03884-7 摘要 赤道太平洋的海洋动力学驱动热带气候模式,影响全球海洋和陆地生态系统。该地区如何应对全球变暖对全球气候、经济稳定和生态系统 健康 具有深远影响。因此,许多研究调查了上新世(530-260万年前)和中新世晚期(约600万年前)期间的赤道太平洋动力学,作为该地区在全球变暖下未来行为的模拟。 这一时期的古海洋学记录提出了一个明显的悖论,即沿着赤道太平洋东西向的海面温度梯度降低表明风驱动的上升流减少,这与东太平洋生物生产力增强的证据相冲突,后者通常由更强的上升流引起。 研究组通过提供新的证据,证明上新世早期/中新世晚期与现代环流体制完全不同,导致更古老、更酸性和更富营养的水到达赤道太平洋,从而调和了这些观察结果。这些结果为上新世早期/中新世晚期东太平洋生产力的提高提供了一种新机制,即使在风力驱动上升流较弱的情况下也是如此。 该发现为赤道太平洋动力学提供了新的线索,并有助于限制它们在不久的将来可能发生的变化,因为预计下个世纪地球将达到上新世那样的变暖水平。 Abstract Ocean dynamics in the equatorial Pacific drive tropical climate patterns that affect marine and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. How this region will respond to global warming has profound implications for global climate, economic stability and ecosystem health. As a result, numerous studies have investigated equatorial Pacific dynamics during the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 million years ago) and late Miocene (around 6 million years ago) as an analogue for the future behaviour of the region under global warming. Palaeoceanographic records from this time present an apparent paradox with proxy evidence of a reduced east–west sea surface temperature gradient along the equatorial Pacific—indicative of reduced wind-driven upwelling—conflicting with evidence of enhanced biological productivity in the east Pacific that typically results from stronger upwelling. Here we reconcile these observations by providing new evidence for a radically different-from-modern circulation regime in the early Pliocene/late Miocene that results in older, more acidic and more nutrient-rich water reaching the equatorial Pacific. These results provide a mechanism for enhanced productivity in the early Pliocene/late Miocene east Pacific even in the presence of weaker wind-driven upwelling. Our findings shed new light on equatorial Pacific dynamics and help to constrain the potential changes they will undergo in the near future, given that the Earth is expected to reach Pliocene-like levels of warming in the next century. Direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics 空气中微塑料的直接辐射效应 作者:Laura E. Revell, Peter Kuma, Eric C. Le Ru, Walter R. C. Somerville & Sally Gaw 链接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03864-x 摘要 微塑料现在被认为是大气中广泛存在的污染物,由于其体积小、密度低,可以随风绕地球传播。大气气溶胶,如矿物粉尘和其他类型的空气悬浮颗粒物,通过吸收和散射辐射(直接辐射效应)影响地球气候,其影响通常用有效辐射强迫(ERF)度量进行量化。然而,空气中微塑料的辐射效应及其对全球气候的影响尚不清楚。 研究组计算了空气中微塑料的光学性质和直接辐射效应(不包括气溶胶-云相互作用)。假设平均表面浓度为1个微塑料颗粒/ m3 ,且垂直分布在10公里高空,则计算出当今大气中空气微塑料的ERF为0.044 0.399 mW/ m2 。 然而,微塑料的地理和垂直分布存在很大的不确定性。假设它们局限于边界层,短波效应占主导地位,微塑料ERF约为 0.746 0.553 mW/ m2 。与气溶胶-辐射相互作用引起的总ERF相比( 0.71至 0.14 W/ m2 ),微塑料ERF很小。 然而,塑料产量在过去70年中迅速增长;如果不认真改革塑料生产和废物管理实践,空气中微塑料的丰度和ERF将继续增加。 Abstract Microplastics are now recognized as widespread contaminants in the atmosphere, where, due to their small size and low density, they can be transported with winds around the Earth. Atmospheric aerosols, such as mineral dust and other types of airborne particulate matter, influence Earths climate by absorbing and scattering radiation (direct radiative effects) and their impacts are commonly quantified with the effective radiative forcing (ERF) metric. However, the radiative effects of airborne microplastics and associated implications for global climate are unknown. Here we present calculations of the optical properties and direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics (excluding aerosol–cloud interactions). The ERF of airborne microplastics is computed to be 0.044 0.399 milliwatts per square metre in the present-day atmosphere assuming a uniform surface concentration of 1 microplastic particle per cubic metre and a vertical distribution up to 10 kilometres altitude. However, there are large uncertainties in the geographical and vertical distribution of microplastics. Assuming that they are confined to the boundary layer, shortwave effects dominate and the microplastic ERF is approximately 0.746 0.553 milliwatts per square metre. Compared with the total ERF due to aerosol–radiation interactions ( 0.71 to 0.14 watts per square metre), the microplastic ERF is small. However, plastic production has increased rapidly over the past 70 years; without serious attempts to overhaul plastic production and waste-management practices, the abundance and ERF of airborne microplastics will continue to increase.